Use and occupation of mangroves in the urban area of ​​Paranaguá: a historical and socio-environmental approach Fernanda Ribeiro Freitas, Karina Gonçalves Capeti, Cristiane Ramon Sampaio

Abstract

Paranaguá is the oldest city in Paraná, located on the coastal plain, where it grew between two rivers, the Itiberê and the Emboguaçu, both bordered by mangroves, which were being deforested to make way for residences, to a certain extent of low standard, if characterized as areas of irregular occupation. The occupation of these areas is carried out through deforestation, followed by filling with garbage or construction waste, after which shacks or houses are built. Mangroves are considered an unhealthy place to reside and low-income people resort to this. In many of these areas we see precarious housing and a total lack of infrastructure, inhumane housing and especially a lack of basic sanitation, resulting in degradation of natural ecosystems. Land invasion is a rule, not an exception. However, it is not determined by detachment from the law or by leaders who want to defy it. It is defined by a lack of alternatives, and that is what we will see through empirical data. The methodology applied is based on bibliographic and field surveys, as well as research in public bodies such as IBAMA in Paranaguá.