Reproductive aspects of Hoplias malabaricus from the Una do Prelado River, at the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station (Peruíbe-SP).

Abstract

This study analyzed the reproductive period and sex ratio of Hoplias malabaricus in the Una do Prelado River, at the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, São Paulo State. Collections (by gillnet) were conducted at eight points between March 2024 and February 2025. The results of the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices and the distribution of gonadal macromaturation stages demonstrated a prolonged spawning period, from winter to summer. The relationship between IGS and IHS was partially synchronous in both sexes, but the association with EMMG occurred only in females. The overall sex ratio did not differ from the expected (1:1), but there was seasonal variation. Although the results corroborate other studies, the observed differences are related to the broad adaptive capacity of the species.