Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Ethical and Regulatory Challenges in a Comparative Perspective between Brazil, the United States, and the European Union

Abstract

This paper comparatively analyzes the ethical and regulatory challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine at Brazil, the United States and the European Union. It uses a qualitative approach with bibliographic and documentary review. It explores issues of civil liability, data protection and equity in healthcare. The EU presents the most robust framework, while the US follows self-regulation and Brazil lacks a consolidated framework. It concludes that ethical, transparent and internationally harmonized regulation is essential.