Cellular therapy in ischemia and acute myocardial infarction Fabrício Cruz Florêncio da Silva, Marta Mussi Naves, Lílian Piñero Marcolin Eça, Daniel Siquieroli Vilas Boas

Abstract

Cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of ischemia and acute myocardial infarction, representing a significant innovation in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Ischemia, characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart, can lead to irreversible damage to the cardiac muscle, resulting in acute myocardial infarction. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on key studies regarding the biology of stem cells administered in the therapy of coronary diseases, highlighting some of the molecular principles governing signaling mechanisms in their differentiation into cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. Peer-reviewed articles published on platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as theses and books, were included in this review. The findings concluded that mesenchymal stem cells derived from sources such as bone marrow and adipose tissue showed potential in improving cardiac function after an infarction. These cells possess anti-inflammatory properties, promote the formation of new blood vessels, and stimulate the regeneration of cardiac tissue.