Sustainable modernization of the maritime fleet: tax incentives and financial mechanisms

Abstract

Given the current climate scenario and the increasing international pressure for environmentally responsible practices, a structural transformation in transportation modes is imperative. The Brazilian maritime fleet faces the challenge of sustainable modernization amidst technological obsolescence and the absence of effective incentives. This article aims to provide a brief analysis of the applicability and effectiveness of the legal instruments established by Law No. 15,103/2025 in relation to the national maritime fleet, as well as their role in promoting sustainable modernization. The objective is to address legal gaps and foster joint and integrated actions between the public sector and private enterprises in order to improve available incentive mechanisms. To this end, a qualitative methodology is adopted, based on bibliographic review, document analysis, and legal-normative examination of current legislation. The results indicate that, although the law represents a relevant regulatory advancement, there are still operational and regulatory obstacles that hinder its full implementation. Furthermore, coordination between the public and private sectors remains insufficient to catalyze large-scale technological innovation. The study concludes that, despite the progress introduced by the Law, its effectiveness is undermined by the lack of specific guidelines for applying fleet modernization incentives and by the absence of a continuous decarbonization monitoring system. To mitigate these limitations, the article proposes the creation of a sectoral decarbonization program for the Brazilian maritime fleet, with clear targets and technical criteria for the application of financial incentives through certification. Periodic monitoring and reward of vessels’ environmental performance will consequently enable Brazil to align with global climate goals.