Reflections on the Abortion Debate in the United States, France, Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia A Study Based on the Dobbs vs. Jackson Women's Health Organization Case (2022)

Abstract

Contextualization: The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs vs. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) brought broad social and legal repercussions, especially by overturning the historical precedents set by Roe vs. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood vs. Casey (1992). Problem: This change affected not only abortion regulations in the U.S., but also ignited global debates on reproductive rights, directly impacting countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and France. Objectives: The objective is to conduct a comparative analysis of the repercussions of the Dobbs decision, emphasizing the legal and cultural differences that shape abortion regulation in each context. Methods: The study adopts a systematic literature review of primary and secondary sources, including academic articles, judicial decisions, and reports from international organizations. Using comparative law, the analysis sought to identify similarities and differences in regulatory approaches to abortion. Results: In the U.S., the Dobbs decision fragmented the legal landscape, with states adopting opposing stances on abortion regulation. Internationally, France advanced in protecting reproductive rights, while in Mexico and Colombia the debate intensified. In Brazil, the decision resonated with both conservative groups and pro-choice movements. Conclusions: The Dobbs decision directly impacted abortion regulation in the U.S. and other countries, highlighting the complexity of reconciling reproductive rights with diverse legal and cultural contexts.