Spirituality in health care evaluation of legislation and practical applicability

Abstract

The study analyzes the relationship between spirituality and health, highlighting its growing recognition in contemporary clinical practice. Historically, Western science distanced itself from religiosity, prioritizing the biomedical and fragmented model of care. However, recent research indicates that attention to spiritual dimensions can contribute to improved quality of life, treatment adherence, and patient well-being. This context has driven recommendations from international and national organizations to include spirituality in medical training and healthcare services, although bounded by ethical and regulatory limits. Objective: to understand the repercussions of spirituality on health, evaluate current legislation, and discuss the practical applicability of this approach in the Brazilian context. Method: a qualitative, descriptive, and applied study was carried out, based on bibliographic and documentary review. Articles published between 1994 and 2024 were examined in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS, as well as official documents from WHO, UN, and Brazilian regulations. The methodology included critical analysis and thematic categorization, seeking consistent evidence and conceptual updating. Results: findings revealed a positive association between spirituality and physical and mental health, including lower incidence of depression, anxiety, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as greater longevity and psychosocial support. It was also found that about 15% of individuals experience spirituality in a negative way, with adverse impact on health outcomes. In Brazil, despite legal advances such as Law No. 9.982/2000 and the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices, gaps remain in medical training and practical application, mainly due to lack of preparation and professional resistance. Conclusion: it is concluded that spirituality can be legitimately and beneficially integrated into comprehensive care, provided that the secular nature of the State, patient autonomy, and ethical-legal frameworks are respected, safeguarded through informed consent and adequate professional training.